Implementation of the 2025 National Rice Self-Sufficiency Policy in Strengthening Food Security Governance

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Indonesia’s 2025 national rice self-sufficiency policy in strengthening food security governance. The study focuses not only on production achievement, but also on procurement, distribution, price stabilization, public rice reserves, and the impact on smallholder farmers. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a policy implementation analysis design. Data were collected through document studies of official statistics, government reports, policy documents, media reports, and relevant academic literature on rice self-sufficiency, food security governance, farmer welfare, and rice market stabilization. The findings show that the 2025 policy achieved significant progress in increasing harvested area, paddy production, rice output, domestic procurement, and public rice stocks. However, production success did not automatically ensure stable consumer prices or inclusive benefits for smallholder farmers. The study finds that rice self-sufficiency must be governed as an integrated food system that connects upstream production with procurement governance, public stock management, efficient distribution, price stabilization, and farmer protection. The main contribution of this study lies in framing rice self-sufficiency as a governance issue rather than merely a production target. The study argues that the success of rice self-sufficiency should be measured not only by surplus production and reduced imports, but also by its ability to ensure fair procurement, affordable prices, effective logistics, transparent stock management, and improved welfare for small farmers.